HIV-AIDS Causes: Low Body Oxygen due to Ineffective Breathing

MDs smiling What causes progression of HIV-AIDS? Critically low body or cell oxygen level (tissue hypoxia) as the central HIV-AIDS cause have been suggested and confirmed by numerous medical studies (Wang et al, 1993; Mootsikapun et al, 1996; Khare & Sharland, 1999; Pellicelli et al, 2001; Zhang et al, 2002; Deshmane et al, 2009; Long et al, 2009). In particular, more recent studies conducted in the Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology of the Louis Pasteur Hospital (Nice, France) observed higher expression of the hypoxia-inducable factor -1 was associated with Kaposi sarcoma progression (Long et al, 2009).

Lungs: Overbreathing Causes HIV-AIDS Other medical studies found that severely sick HIV-AIDS patients (STAGE 4 : Progression from HIV to AIDS) have very large respiratory rates. Their average breathing frequency at rest was 29 to 49 breaths per minute in one study (Zhongguo et al, 2004), and about 30 breaths/min in another (Montaner et al,1993), while the medical norm for adults is 10-12 breaths/min. A high respiratory rate was a normal clinical finding for 59 HIV-AIDS patients with interstitial infiltrates on chest radiographs (Knauer et al, 2005). This group of the severely sick patients had tuberculosis, Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP), bacterial pneumonia (20.3%) and fungal pneumonia (10.2%).

Heart muscle Another cardiorespiratory parameter (the heart rate) was measured in 2 of these studies. The Chinese study (Zhongguo et al, 2004) found that the pulse of their HIV-AIDS patients ranged from 89 to 145 beats/min, while the Canadians doctors reported that their patients had the average pulse of 100 beats per minute (Montaner et al,1993). All this evidence points out the main physiological cause of HIV-AIDS progression.

It is known that chronic hyperventilation leads to elevated heart rates in many groups of patients (e.g., asthma, heart disease, cancer, diabetes, and may other conditions). Generally, advance of any respiratory and/or inflammatory condition is manifested in higher heart rates, as it is reflected in the Buteyko Table of Health Zones. Hence, the results testify about presence of severe hyperventilation in all these patients.

HIV-AIDS virus attacking a human cell Hence, the cause of HIV-AIDS is ineffective breathing and classical symptoms of hyperventilation have been known to medical professionals for many decades. They include: poor perfusion of all vital organs due to hypocapnia, reduced cell oxygen content due to CO2-induced vasoconstriction and suppressed Bohr effect, immune dysfunction caused be cell hypoxia, mental symptoms due to low CO2 and O2 levels in the brain, and hundreds of other abnormalities that affect virtually all chemical reactions and processes in the human body, as well as all vital organs.

The HIV virus does not cause the development of AIDS and death. All symptoms, including changes in the lungs, development of yeast infections (Candida), skin rashes and many others take place naturally in other people due to presence of hyperventilation. Hence, the HIV virus simply reinforces pathological effects caused by hyperventilation. In order to check these findings, a patient should find his respiratory parameters and see how these parameters relate to his symptoms.

Results of the clinical trial with HIV/AIDS patients reveal the cause of HIV-AIDS

Medical people smiling Russian doctors practicing the Buteyko breathing method had a clinical trial for a group of HIV patients with very encouraging results. For these doctors the body oxygen level (CP test - see instructions below) is the main measuring tool of personal health. They discovered that with higher body oxygen content or CP (due to breathing exercises and lifestyle changes), typical manifestations of HIV-AIDS disappear. Thus, the participants had their standard medication and practiced breath work, as a supplementary technique to fight HIV-AIDS and effects of hypoxia. I translated the official report about this HIV-AIDS clinical trial.

Abnormal breathing causes HIV-AIDS

What are the usual results for the body oxygen test for HIV-AIDS patients? The results, according to Russian clinical research, are linked with these typical symptoms and effects:

Body oxygen test	Symptoms in people with HIV-AIDS virus
1-10 seconds	Advance of opportunistic infections: Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia (PCP), Tuberculosis (TB), Kaposi's Sarcoma (KS), Herpes simplex, Kaposi's sarcoma, Varicella Zoster, Cryptosporidiosis, Candida, Cytomegolavirus (CMV), Isosporiasis, Kaposi's Sarcoma, Cytomegolavirus, Toxoplasmosis, Cryptococcosis, Non Hodgkin's lymphoma, Varicella Zoster, and Herpes simplex, which affect respiratory system, gastro-intestinal system, central/peripheral nervous system, and skin leading to HIV wasting syndrome, chronic herpes simplex infection, recurrent severe bacterial pneumonia, pneumocystis pneumonia, Kaposi sarcoma, candidasis of trachea, bronchi and/or lungs, extrapulmonary cryptococcosis including meningitis, HIV encephalopathy, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, disseminated non-tuberculous mycobacteria infection, chronic isosporiasis, chronic cryptosporidiosis, lymphoma (cerebral or B cell non-Hodgkin), extrapulmonary histoplasmosis, coccidiomycosis, recurrent septicaemia (including non-typhoidal Salmonella), symptomatic HIV-associated nephropathy or HIV-associated cardiomyopathy, invasive cervical carcinoma
11-20 seconds	Fatigue, skin rashes, night sweats, mouth ulcers, moderate digestive complaints, and fungal skin infections. Typical problems are chronic oral and/or vaginal thrush (a fungal rash or spots), recurrent herpes blisters on the mouth (cold sores) and/or genitals, ongoing fevers and persistent diarrhea, and some weight loss. The disease will progress to clinical stage 4 or end-stage, especially with the transition to mouth breathing, sleeping on one's back at night and/or chest breathing.
20-40 seconds	No need for medication and no major HIV-AIDS symptoms, with mild symptoms related to worsened sleep, intestinal candidasis, and light morning fatigue
Over 40 seconds	Excellent health, including blood tests, parameters of the immune system, and mental well being.

The natural and stress-free body oxygen test is also valuable in numerous situations to check the effects of various factors, including sleep, exercise, diet, etc. on the HIV-AIDS cause. To increase body oxygen test results and slow down breathing rates are the central goals of the Buteyko method. What reduces body oxygen level? The main physiological factors include lack of physical activity, exercise with mouth breathing, sleeping too long and/or on the back, overeating, overheating, stress, poor posture and many others.

Hence, breathing retraining or normalization of breathing parameters is necessary for faster health restoration. Furthermore, any HIV-AIDS treatment program must have breathing techniques as a necessary part for health restoration and elimination of the main physiological cause of HIV-AIDS.

All HIV-AIDS web pages:
HIV-AIDS Cause - Suppression of the immune system can take place only due to low oxygen levels in body cells. Therefore, tissue hypoxia, due to abnormal breathing in people with HIV-AIDS, is the cause
HIV-AIDS Therapy - Improve body oxygenation with breathing retraining (you need to change your automatic breathing patterns in order to have more oxygen in the body 24/7)
HIV-AIDS Clinical Trial - Breathing exercises reverse typical signs and symptoms of advanced HIV-AIDS.

References: CO2 Effects Web Pages
Vasodilation: CO2 expands arteries and arterioles facilitating perfusion (or blood supply) to all vital organs
The Bohr effect How and why oxygen is released by red blood cells in tissues
Cell Oxygen Levels and oxygen transport are controlled by alveolar CO2 and breathing
Oxygen Transport depends on breathing and these two effects (Vasoconstriction-Vasodilation and the Bohr effect) are parts of two diagrams that summarize influences of hypocapnia (low CO2 content in the blood and cells) on circulation and O2 delivery
Free Radical Generation takes place due to anaerobic cell respiration caused by cell hypoxia. Hence, antioxidant defenses of the human body are also regulated by CO2 and breathing
Inflammatory Response is controlled by breathing since hypoxia leads to or intensifies chronic inflammation through over-expression of the hypoxia-inducible factor 1, while normal breathing reduces these processes
Nerve stabilization takes place due to calmative or sedative effects of carbon dioxide in neurons or nerve cells
Muscle relaxation or relaxation of muscle cells is normal at high CO2, while hypocapnia causes muscular tension, poor posture and, sometimes, aggression and violence
Brochodilation - dilation of airways (bronchi and bronchioles) by carbon dioxide, and their constriction due to hypocapnia
CO2: Best Natural Cough Suppressant and "home remedy" since it calms urge-to-cough nerve receptors located in the tracheobronchial tree and larynx
Blood pH regulation and regulation of other bodily fluids
CO2: Lung Damage Healer: Elevated carbon dioxide prevents injury and promotes healing of lung tissues
CO2: Skin and Tissue Healer
Synthesis of Glutamine in the Brain, CO2 fixation, and other chemical reactions
CO2 myth "CO2 is a toxic waste gas" myth
Breathing control How is our breathing regulated? Why hypocapnia makes breathing uneven and erratic?

Reference Web Pages: Breathing norms, Medical Graphs and Tables about Breathing Rates (Minute Ventilation) and Body Oxygen in Healthy, Normal and Sick People
Breathing norms Parameters, graph, and description of the normal breathing pattern
6 breathing myths 6 myths about breathing and body oxygenation (prevalence: over 90%)
Hyperventilation Definitions of hyperventilation: their advantages and weak points
Hyperventilation Syndrome in the Sick. Table 1. Western scientific evidence about prevalence of CHV (chronic hyperventilation) in patients with various chronic conditions (34 medical studies)
Normal Minute Ventilation in Healthy Subjects: Easy and Light Breathing (14 Studies)
Hyperventilation Prevalence Present in Over 90% of Normal People (24 medical publications)
HV and hypoxia How and why deep breathing reduces oxygenation of cells and tissues of all vital organs
Body oxygen test How to measure your own breathing and body oxygenation (a simple DIY test)
Body oxygen in healthy Table 4. CP (body oxygen level) in healthy people (27 medical studies)
Body oxygen in sick Table 5. CP (body oxygen level) in sick people (14 medical studies)
Buteyko Table of Health Zones with clinical description of most common zones
Morning HV Morning hyperventilation effect or how and why critically ill people are most likely to die during early morning hours

References

Zhongguo Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue. 2004 May;16(5):284-6.
[Study of infusion of oxygen-enriched liquid to correct severe hypoxemia in infectious diseases: a report of pilot clinical study]
[Article in Chinese]
He Q, Xu C, Wang S, Cui JJ, Duan G, Ye TS, Yang DG, Zhou BP, Zhao LS.
Donghu Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate a new therapy for effectively correcting severe hypoxemia in patients with infectious diseases by infusion of oxygen-enriched liquid, in order to raise the partial pressure of blood oxygen without passing through pathologically damaged alveoli of such patients.
METHODS: Intravenous drip with oxygen-enriched liquids was given to 6 cases suffering from severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), and 3 cases of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) in the course of treatment for 1 to 5 days, 500-700 ml per day.
RESULTS: For all the 9 SARS cases, their hypoxemia was gradually corrected to normal in 20 minutes' or 4 hours' intravenous drip with oxygen-enriched liquid. Respiratory rate decreased from 29-49 breath/min to 18-22 breath/min, heart rate decreased from 89-145 beats/min to 60-79 beats/min, two faint patients regained consciousness, hypoxemia was redressed, partial pressure of oxygen in artery increased from 56 mm Hg (1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa) to 87 mm Hg, saturation of oxygen increased from 0.89 to 0.96.
CONCLUSION: Intravenous drip of the oxygen-enriched liquid effectively helped correct the hypoxemia of SARS and other infectious diseases cases by bypassing the diseased alveoli through which oxygen would not pass into the blood by conventional oxygen inhalation. This therapy of oxygen-enriched liquid infusion could be quite life-saving in the combined treatment for SARS and other infectious diseases.

Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2005;117 Suppl 4:49-55.
Clinical features, aetiology and short-term outcome of interstitial pneumonitis in HIV/AIDS patients at Bamrasnaradura Hospital, Nonthaburi, Thailand.
Knauer A, Das AK, Tansuphasawadikul S, Supanaranond W, Pitisuttithum P, Wernsdorfer WH.
Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
This prospective study was conducted at Bamrasnaradura Hospital from November 11, 2002, until January 5, 2003, in order to describe the clinical manifestations and determine the aetiologies as well as to assess the short-term outcome of interstitial pneumonitis in HIV/AIDS patients. 59 patients with interstitial infiltrates on chest radiographs were included in the study. Tuberculosis (TB) was the most common diagnosis (44%), followed by Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) (25.4%), bacterial pneumonia (20.3%) and fungal pneumonia (10.2%). In TB, compared to other diagnoses, a mild cough (p = 0.031), pallor (p = 0.021), lymphadenopathy (p < 0.001), an absence of skin lesions (p = 0.003), a higher mean body temperature (p = 0.004) and an absence of dyspnoea on exertion (p = 0.042) were significant findings. In PCP, compared to other diagnoses, dyspnoea on exertion (p = 0.014), nonpurulent sputum production (p = 0.047), a higher mean respiratory rate (p < 0.001), and an absence of lymphadenopathy (p < 0.001) were significant factors. In bacterial pneumonia, compared to other diagnoses, production of purulent sputum (p = 0.014), haemoptysis (p = 0.006), skin lesions (p = 0.002) and severe cough (p = 0.040) were significantly associated factors. In fungal pneumonia, compared to other diagnoses, headache and papulonecrotic skin lesions were common findings, but no factor showed a significant association. After four weeks, 59.3% patients were alive and 13.6% had died. Among those alive, 88.6% had clinically improved. The cumulative survival after 28 days was highest among PCP patients, followed by bacterial pneumonia, TB and fungal pneumonia, but these differences were statistically not significant (p = 0.453).

Virchows Arch. 2009 Aug;455(2):159-70. Epub 2009 May 30.
LANA-1, Bcl-2, Mcl-1 and HIF-1alpha protein expression in HIV-associated Kaposi sarcoma.
Long E, Ilie M, Hofman V, Havet K, Selva E, Butori C, Lacour JP, Nelson AM, Cathomas G, Hofman P.
Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Louis Pasteur Hospital, Nice 06002, France.
Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8) is necessary for Kaposi sarcoma (KS) to develop, but whether the tissue viral load is a marker of KS progression is still unclear. Little is known about the level of expression of apoptosis-regulating proteins and of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) in KS tumour cells relative to HHV8 expression. We therefore investigated the expression of the latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA-1) of HHV8, Bcl-2, Mcl-1, Bax, Bcl-xL, caspase 3 and HIF-1alphain KS tissue specimens at different stages of the disease. The expression of these proteins was evaluated immunohistochemically using tissue microarrays (TMAs) in tissue specimens from 245 HIV-positive patients at different stages of the disease. Both LANA-1 and HIF-1alpha were expressed in KS biopsies taken at different stages, but their level increased throughout tumour progression. Additionally, the levels of Bcl-2 and Mcl-1 were higher in visceral KS lesions compared to levels observed in cutaneous and mucosal KS. This study demonstrates that late tumour stages of KS in tissues from HIV-positive patients are associated with high levels of LANA-1, HIF-1alpha and of the anti-apoptotic proteins, Bcl-2 and Mcl-1. Finally, the expression of these proteins can be potentially used as a tissue biomarker in defining patients with a higher risk of disease progression.

J Biol Chem. 2009 Apr 24;284(17):11364-73. Epub 2009 Feb 9.
Activation of the oxidative stress pathway by HIV-1 Vpr leads to induction of hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha expression.
Deshmane SL, Mukerjee R, Fan S, Del Valle L, Michiels C, Sweet T, Rom I, Khalili K, Rappaport J, Amini S, Sawaya BE.
Department of Neuroscience and Center for Neurovirology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA.
The detection of biomarkers of oxidative stress in brain tissue and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with human immunodeficiency virus, type 1 (HIV)-associated dementia indicates the involvement of stress pathways in the neuropathogenesis of AIDS. Although the biological importance of oxidative stress on events involved in AIDS neuropathogenesis and the HIV-1 proteins responsible for oxidative stress remain to be elucidated, our results point to the activation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) upon HIV-1 infection and its elevation in brain cells of AIDS patients with dementia. HIF-1 is a transcription factor that is responsive to oxygen. Under hypoxic conditions, HIF-1alpha becomes stable and translocates to the nucleus where it dimerizes with aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator and modulates gene transcription. Activation of HIF-1 can also be mediated by the HIV-1 accessory protein Vpr. In addition, cellular components, including reactive oxygen species, contribute to the induction of HIF-1alpha. Our results show that Vpr induces reactive oxygen species by increasing H(2)O(2) production, which can contribute to HIF-1alpha accumulation. Interestingly, increased levels of HIF-1alpha stimulated HIV-1 gene transcription through HIF-1 association with HIV-1 long terminal repeat. These observations point to the existence of a positive feedback interplay between HIF-1alpha and Vpr and that, by inducing oxidative stress via activation of HIF-1, Vpr can induce HIV-1 gene expression and dysregulate multiple host cellular pathways.

Med Hypotheses. 2002 Jun;58(6):439-43.
Human-bacteria nitric oxide cycles in HIV-1 infection.
Zhang H, Boring D, Haverkos H.
Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Division of Antiviral Drug Products, Rockville, USA.
...In HIV infection, however, the NO(3)(-) is converted into NO and nitrite NO(2)(-) and recirculated in the body, perhaps as a result of concomitant opportunistic bacterial infections and cellular hypoxia...

Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2001 Nov;946:82-94.
Pathogenesis of HIV-related pulmonary hypertension.
Pellicelli AM, Palmieri F, Cicalini S, Petrosillo N.
Istituto Nazionale per le Malattie Infettive, Lazzaro Spallanzani, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
...Chronic hypoxia is observed with increased frequency in HIV patients...

Indian J Pediatr. 1999 Nov-Dec;66(6):895-904.
Pulmonary manifestations of pediatric HIV infection.
Khare MD, Sharland M.
Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, St. George's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
Vertically acquired HIV infection is becoming increasingly common in India. The main clinical manifestations of HIV in childhood are growth failure, lymphadenopathy, chronic cough and fever, recurrent pulmonary infections, and persistent diarrhea... The commonest AIDS diagnosis in infancy is PCP, presenting in infancy with tachypnea, hypoxia, and bilateral opacification on chest-X-ray (CXR)...

J Med Assoc Thai. 1996 Aug;79(8):477-85.
Pulmonary infections in HIV infected patients.
Mootsikapun P, Chetchotisakd P, Intarapoka B.
Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Thailand.
We retrospectively reviewed causes, clinical presentations and chest radiographs of pulmonary infections in symptomatic HIV infected patients diagnosed in Srinagarind Hospital from February 1992 to 1994. We found 95 episodes of pulmonary infections in 88 HIV infected patients enrolled in our review. The three most common pathogens were Mycobacterium tuberculosis (37.2%), Pneumocystis carinii (23.8%), and Cryptococcus (15.2%). Coexistent pulmonary infections were seen in 10.5 per cent, mostly due to P. carinii and Cryptococcus neoformans. Extrapulmonary infections were also common, particularly with M. tuberculosis (49%) and C. neoformans (100%). The common clinical presentations were fever, dyspnea, and cough which frequency varied among the organisms. Chest radiographs were nonspecific, the most common finding was bilateral pulmonary infiltrates except that bacterial pneumonia usually presented with unilateral infiltrates. All patients wit PC had significant hypoxia (PaO2 < 70 mmHg)...

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