Yoga Breathing: Main Secret of Yoga's Super Health

Many people believe that yoga is about postures and maybe breathing exercises, while old yoga had opposite ideas. One may spend years practicing asanas and thousands of hours doing breathing exercises, but his or her health can get worse and worse. Instead of this, it is smart to think about finding some criteria or measurements of health in people practicing yoga. Then we can decide who is a real yoga master. Here is a video: Yoga Gurus Misinform People about Yoga Breathing and Oxygen: Yoga Breathing.

The super health of real yoga masters is possible to measure. They should have the ideal automatic breathing pattern (with about 3 small breath per minute at rest or during sleep). This slow and relaxed diaphragmatic breathing pattern provides the human body with superior body oxygenation: about 2-3 minutes for the DIY body-oxygen test (stress free breath holding time after usual exhalation). Yoga masters should need only about 2 hours of natural sleep and do not require more. There are many other effects that correspond to the ideal breathing pattern. You can find them on the web page devoted to the ideal breathing pattern.

Indeed, the body and cells require oxygen 24/7. A yoga novice can practice in the best yoga sessions, but if he or she sleeps on their back at night, or breathes through the mouth while sleeping, all the positive effects of yoga practice will be demolished by tissue hypoxia and free radicals generated during sleep.

According to ancient yoga books and manuscripts, the goal of yoga breathing exercises is to "restrain", "hold", "suspend", and "calm" the breath 24/7. See the quotes from 3 most important yoga manuscripts (Hatha Yoga Pradipika, the Gheranda Samhita and the Shiva Samhita) on the page Yoga Benefits. There are no any hints or quotes in these classical yoga texts about "breathing more" or "breathing deeper". According to these books, progress in Pranayama (the main yoga breathing exercise) is measured in longer cycles for breath holds, inhalations, and exhalations. This is possible only if one's unconscious breathing becomes smaller and slower.

When the diaphragmatic breathing pattern gradually becomes slower and lighter (breathing less air 24/7), blood supply, perfusion, abilities of the immune system, cells' oxygen content, and many other key parameters of the human body are improved.

Yoga Breathing: Dr. Buteyko's Discovery

While Dr. K.P. Buteyko was a medical doctor and a leading Soviet physiologist, he also devoted considerable time studying the biochemical effects of yoga breathing and hatha yoga postures (poses or asanas) on his own health and the health of his numerous students and pupils. He discovered the essence of yoga breathing techniques and exercises and the secret of the vibrant health of yoga masters. (When people are real yoga masters, they do have vibrant health.) Buteyko's discoveries can dramatically enhance positive yoga effects on automatic breathing, improve yoga benefits related to relaxation and meditation, and successfully deal with anxiety, weight loss, stress, asthma and many other conditions.

According to Buteyko, hatha yoga masters are at the top of the Buteyko Table of Health Zones due to their very slow diaphragmatic breathing at rest or during sleep: only about 3 breaths per minute and around 2-3 min for the body-oxygen test. Their very light and slow diaphragmatic breathing explains their amazing abilities, which were a hot topic for discussion in mass media in the 1960's. It also explains the popularity of yoga styles and techniques for relaxation and meditation, and for helping with weight loss, stress, anxiety, and asthma.

During the 1950s and 60s, many respectable Western and Soviet medical and scientific journals extensively wrote about the abilities of yogi to do various unusual things with their bodies ("yoga miracles"). For example, they could change and regulate their heart rate in a very wide range (e.g., from 10-20 up to 120 or more beats per minute); change and regulate temperature of, for example, one arm; move a volume of water inside the small and large intestine in both directions; be buried in a sealed coffin for several days and come out alive afterwards; go into a state similar to hibernation of animals with very low heart rate and body temperature for many hours or days (some yogi did not survive the last two endeavors); etc. These miracles were often witnessed and described by Western doctors and scientists. In many cases these abilities of yogi were measured and confirmed using corresponding devices, such as EKG, thermometers, X-rays, etc.

In 1969 Dr. Buteyko was invited to deliver a Lecture about his medical discoveries to leading scientists of the most famous Soviet University (Moscow State University). It was not a surprise that his Lecture had the following title “From spasmodic disease to super-endurance of yogi”. Dr. Buteyko suggested the following explanation to the title of his lecture, "Therefore, our public lecture - “From spasmodic disease to super-endurance of yogi” - is not an empty phrase, not fantasy, but a reality, already proven by thousands of people!" This lecture was published in one of the leading popular Soviet magazines "Science and Life" (Nauka i zshizn').

Quotes: Leading Soviet physiologist Dr. KP Buteyko, MD, PhD about Yoga

"There is one question not discussed here: what would happen with the organism, if breathing decreases below the norm? That is, when breathing changes from deep to shallow, and then from shallow to constantly shallow. Here we should not confuse full breathing of yogi with deep breathing.

Advocates of deep breathing confuse these two concepts and, in their defense, they say, “Yogi, for thousands of years, breathe deeply and we see that they are super-humans”. Quite the contrary. Full breathing of yogi is shallow breathing in our understanding. It is done, first, very slowly, inhalations and exhalations as well; second, with maximum breath holds after inhalations and exhalations.

And finally one should not confuse the following concepts: we are speaking about breathing, which goes on day and night, about our basal breathing, foundation of life. Meanwhile, the system of yogi has separate breathing exercises. Therefore, it is practically unimportant for us how and what you do: feet upwards or downwards, through the right or left nostril, or by right or left side. We are interested in where you will arrive as a result of these exercises. If carbon dioxide increases, and breathing decreases, with each day, then this will ensure the transition of man into a super-endurance state.

And if we record the lungs’ ventilation and levels of carbon dioxide, it is clear that with such training lung ventilation is reduced, and carbon dioxide increases. Therefore, full breathing of yogi, according to its physiological effect, is analogous to our shallow breathing. This is the reason of its benefit. Now many people are interested in the systems of yogi. This, of course, is a surprisingly wise system of exercises.

I do not speak about any religions or superstitions, this is not part of the tasks of my lecture. But physiologically, yogi instinctively selected almost everything that decreases respiration: the majority of their postures (*asanas) lead to the decrease in respiration, and the respiratory gymnastics itself is called, in Indian, Pranayama. The literal translation means “slowing breath”. Whatever the yogi did with their breathing, their final goal was to restrain [breathing], to harness it, to reach breathlessness and deathlessness. But those, who misinterpreted and badly understood it all, introduced this confusion that allegedly deep breathing is the breathing of yogi...

We declassified the major miracles of yogi. Their major miracles are in the reduction of respiration and accumulation of carbon dioxide. For thousands of years the yogi were looking for “prana”, which is somewhere in food, air, etc. It turned out that carbon dioxide is prana. Here is the main source of life - carbon dioxide. If you accumulate it, you become a “superhuman”; if you lose it, you suffer....

There is no total one-sidedness: if we increase carbon dioxide above the norm (the middle norm), then an interesting phenomenon arises which I will explain later such as super-endurance [or super-resilience], a special stability of certain processes, a special stability of the nervous system, etc. Now we shall connect this with the secrets of yogi, which thus far have not been decoded. It turned out that we discovered the way to decipher super-resilience of yogi and their miracles.

All these miracles are based on the fact that yogis accumulate CO2, and all their secrets are connected with a reduction of breathing. Over 30 years ago [John] Haldane found that the organism regulates CO2 level with 0.1% accuracy (the threshold of CO2 regulation). Since this is the level of accuracy, CO2, obviously, is very important. Is oxygen regulated with the same precision? Only when oxygen decreases by more than 5%, the organism reacts to restore it.

Then we understood that by reducing breathing below the norm, our patients arrived at miracles. Here we realized . . . what it was all about! It reminded of the yogi. What they strive for, it turns out, is achieved through reduction of breath and increase in carbon dioxide. This explains their miracles.

... Super-endurance of yogis is the effect of shallow breathing. This final result unites real yogis and our system, the scientific system of breathing. Yoga should be studied! There are many interesting physiological things there. This topic is raised by many scientists in Moscow, and I support them. We came across these phenomena accidentally, and if we focus on them, many interesting things can be discovered."
Dr. Buteyko Lecture in the Moscow State University (1969)

With improved skills and health, a yoga student should gradually increase the durations of inhalations, breath holds, and exhalations, while practicing Pranayama. It is quite common that even modern yoga masters can easily perform Pranayama with only 1 breath per minute or less to accumulate more CO2. It was and is an obvious physiological mistake to call Pranayama a "deep breathing exercise".

Many more quotes are presented below, while there are about 20 paragraphs in his Lecture where the words "yoga" are mentioned. Note that, while there are many yoga styles, techniques and schools, Dr. Buteyko, as a doctor and physiologist, focused on hatha yoga and the main hatha yoga breathing exercise, Pranayama.

Unfortunately, most modern yoga leaders and teachers have opposite views on yoga breathing. They believe in a toxic nature of CO2 (it being a waste product and poison) and the deep breathing myth (e.g., see quotes of Bikram yoga teachers: Bikram Yoga Benefits).

Related web pages:
- YouTube video: Yoga
- Pranayama focuses on benefits of Pranayama based on slower breathing, high CO2 and CP. Who can get best benefits from yoga breathing exercises and how.

Reference pages: Breathing norms and medical facts:
- Breathing norms: Parameters, graph, and description of the normal breathing pattern
- 6 breathing myths: Myths and superstitions about breathing and body oxygenation (prevalence: over 90%)
- Hyperventilation: Definitions of hyperventilation: their advantages and weak points
- Hyperventilation syndrome: Western scientific evidence about prevalence of chronic hyperventilation in patients with chronic conditions (37 medical studies)
- Normal minute ventilation: Small and slow breathing at rest is enjoyed by healthy subjects (14 studies)
- Hyperventilation prevalence: Present in over 90% of normal people (24 medical studies)
- HV and hypoxia: How and why deep breathing reduces oxygenation of cells and tissues of all vital organs
- Body-oxygen test (CP test) : How to measure your own breathing and body oxygenation (two in one) using a simple DIY test
- Body oxygen in healthy: Results for the body-oxygen test for healthy people (27 medical studies)
- Body oxygen in sick : Results for the body-oxygen test for sick people (14 medical studies)
- Buteyko Table of Health Zones: Clinical description and ranges for breathing zones: from the critically ill (severely sick) up to super healthy people with maximum possible body oxygenation
- Morning hyperventilation: Why people feel worse and critically ill people are most likely to die during early morning hours

References: pages about CO2 effect:
- Vasodilation: CO2 expands arteries and arterioles facilitating perfusion (or blood supply) to all vital organs
- The Bohr effect: How and why oxygen is released by red blood cells in tissues
- Cell oxygen levels: How alveolar CO2 influences oxygen transport
- Oxygen transport: O2 transport is controlled by vasoconstriction-vasodilation and the Bohr effects, both of which rely on CO2
- Free radical generation: Reactive oxygen species are produced within cells due to anaerobic cell respiration caused by cell hypoxia
- Inflammatory response: Chronic inflammation in fueled by the hypoxia-inducible factor 1, while normal breathing reduces and eliminates inflammation
- Nerve stabilization: People remain calm due to calmative or sedative effects of carbon dioxide in neurons or nerve cells
- Muscle relaxation: Relaxation of muscle cells is normal at high CO2, while hypocapnia causes muscular tension, poor posture and, sometimes, aggression and violence
- Bronchodilation: Dilation of airways (bronchi and bronchioles) is caused by carbon dioxide, and their constriction by hypocapnia (low CO2)
- Blood pH: Regulation of blood pH due to breathing and regulation of other bodily fluids
- CO2: lung damage: Elevated carbon dioxide prevents lung injury and promotes healing of lung tissues
- CO2: Topical carbon dioxide can heal skin and tissues
- Synthesis of glutamine in the brain, CO2 fixation, and other chemical reactions
- Deep breathing myth: Ignorant and naive people promote the idea that deep breathing and breathing more air at rest is beneficial for health
- Breathing control: How is our breathing regulated? Why hypocapnia makes breathing uneven, irregular and erratic.

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