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Historical changes in minute ventilation
(or minute breathing rates) at rest for normal subjects
Table 3. Historical changes in minute ventilation
(or minute breathing rates) at rest for normal subjects
| Condition | Minute ventilation |
Age | N. of subjects |
Reference |
| Normal breathing | 6 l/min | 16 | - | Medical textbooks |
| Normal subjects | 4.9 | - | 5 | Griffith et al, 1929 |
| Normal males | 5.3±0.1 | 27-43 | 46 | Shock et al, 1939 |
| Normal females | 4.6±0.1 | 27-43 | 40 | Shock et al, 1939 |
| Normal subjects | 6.9±0.9 | - | 100 | Matheson et al, 1950 |
| Normal subjects | 9.1±4.5 | 31±7 | 11 | Kassabian et al, 1982 |
| Normal subjects | 8.1±2.1 | 42±14 | 11 | D'Alonzo et al, 1987 |
| Normal subjects | 6.3±2.2 | - | 12 | Pain et al, 1988 |
| Normal males | 13±3 | 40 (av.) | 12 | Clague et al, 1994 |
| Normal subjects | 9.2±2.5 | 34±7 | 13 | Radwan et al, 1995 |
| Normal subjects | 15±4 | 28-34 | 12 | Dahan et al, 1995 |
| Normal subjects | 12±4 | 55±10 | 43 | Clark et al, 1995 |
| Normal subjects | 12±2 | 41±2 | 10 | Tantucci et al, 1996 |
| Normal subjects* | 11±3 | 53±11 | 24 | Clark et al, 1997 |
| Normal subjects | 8.1±0.4 | 34±2 | 63 | Meessen et al, 1997 |
| Normal females | 9.9 | 20-28 | 23 | Han et al, 1997 |
| Normal males | 15 | 20-28 | 47 | Han et al, 1997 |
| Normal females | 10 | 29-60 | 42 | Han et al, 1997 |
| Normal males | 11 | 29-62 | 42 | Han et al, 1997 |
| Normal subjects | 13±3 | 36±6 | 10 | Tantucci et al, 1997 |
| Normal subjects | 12±1 | 65±2 | 10 | Epstein et al, 1996 |
| Normal subjects | 12±1 | 12-69 | 20 | Bowler et al, 1998 |
| Normal subjects | 10±6 | 39±4 | 20 | DeLorey et al, 1999 |
| Normal seniors | 12±4 | 70±3 | 14 | DeLorey et al, 1999 |
| Normal elderly* | 14±3 | 88±2 | 11 | DeLorey et al, 1999 |
| Normal subjects | 17±1 | 41±2 | 15 | Tantucci et al, 2001 |
| Normal subjects | 10±0.5 | - | 10 | Bell et al, 2005 |
| Normal subjects | 8.5±1.2 | 30±8 | 69 | Narkiewicz, 2006 |
| Normal females | 10±0.4 | - | 11 | Ahuja et al, 2007 |
| Normal subjects | 12±2 | 62±2 | 20 | Travers et al, 2008 |
| Condition | Minute ventilation |
Age | N. of subjects |
Reference |
* When the average weight of the subjects was significantly different from 70 kg, minute ventiltion was adjusted to the normal weight (70 kg) value.
References for Table 3 (in the same order)
Griffith et al, 1929
Griffith FR, Pucher GW, Brownell KA, Klein JD, Carmer ME, Studies in human physiology. IV. Vital capacity, respiratory rate and volume, and composition of the expired air. Am. J. Physiol 1929, vol. 89, p. 555.
Department of Physiology, University of Buffalo, Buffalo, N. Y., USA
Shock et al, 1939
Shock NW, Soley MH, Average Values for Basal Respiratory Functions in Adolescents and Adults, J. Nutrition, 1939, 18, p. 143.
Departments of Physiology and Medicine, Medical School, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA.
Matheson et al, 1950
Matheson HW, Gray JS, Ventilatory function tests. III Resting ventilation, metabolism, and derived measures, J Clin Invest 1950 June; 29(6): p. 688–692.
Department of Physiology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, USA.
Kassabian et al, 1982
Kassabian J, Miller KD, Lavietes MH, Respiratory center output and ventilatory timing in patients with acute airway (asthma) and alveolar (pneumonia) disease, Chest 1982 May; 81(5): p.536-543.
Pulmonary Division, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Jersey hfedical School, College Ho ital, Newark, USA.
Burki, 1984
Burki NK, Ventilatory effects of doxapram in conscious human subjects, Chest 1984 May; 85(5): p.600-604.
Pulmonary Division, Department of Medicine, and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, UK
D'Alonzo et al, 1987
D'Alonzo GE, Gianotti LA, Pohil RL, Reagle RR, DuRee SL, Fuentes F, Dantzker DR, Comparison of progressive exercise performance of normal subjects and patients with primary pulmonary hypertension, Chest 1987 Jul; 92(1): p.57-62.
Divisions of Pulmonary Medicine and Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical School, and Hermann Hospital, Houston, USA
Pain et al, 1988
Pain MC, Biddle N, Tiller JW, Panic disorder, the ventilatory response to carbon dioxide and respiratory variables, Psychosom Med 1988 Sep-Oct; 50(5): p. 541-548.
Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
Clague et al, 1994
Clague JE, Carter J, Coakley J, Edwards RH, Calverley PM, Respiratory effort perception at rest and during carbon dioxide rebreathing in patients with dystrophia myotonica, Thorax 1994 Mar; 49(3): p.240-244.
Aintree Chest Centre, Fazakerley Hospital, Liverpool, UK.
Radwan et al, 1995
Radwan L, Maszczyk Z, Koziorowski A, Koziej M, Cieslicki J, Sliwinski P, Zielinski J, Control of breathing in obstructive sleep apnoea and in patients with the overlap syndrome, Eur Respir J. 1995 Apr; 8(4): p.542-545.
Lung Function Laboratory, Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Warszawa, Poland
Dahan et al, 1995
Dahan A, van den Elsen MJ, Berkenbosch A, DeGoede J, Olievier IC, van Kleef JW, Halothane affects ventilatory afterdischarge in humans, Br J Anaesth 1995 May; 74(5): p.544-548.
Department of Anesthesiology and Department of Physiology, University of Leiden, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Clark et al, 1995
Clark AL, Chua TP, Coats AJ, Anatomical dead space, ventilatory pattern, and exercise capacity in chronic heart failure, Br Heart J 1995 Oct; 74(4): p. 377-380.
Department of Cardiac Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, London
Tantucci et al, 1996
Tantucci C, Bottini P, Dottorini ML, Puxeddu E, Casucci G, Scionti L, Sorbini CA, Ventilatory response to exercise in diabetic subjects with autonomic neuropathy, J Appl Physiol 1996, 81(5): p.1978–1986.
Clinica di Semeiotica Metodologia Medica, University of Ancona,
Ospedale Regionale Torrette, Ancona 60020; and Istituto di Medicina
Interna e Scienze Endocrine e Metaboliche, University of Perugia, Perugia 06100, Italy
Clark et al, 1997
Clark AL, Volterrani M, Swan JW, Coats AJS, The increased ventilatory response to exercise in chronic heart failure: relation to pulmonary pathology, Heart 1997; 77: p.138-146.
Departnent of Cardiac Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, London, UK
Meessen et a,. 1997
Meessen NE, van der Grinten CP, Luijendijk SC, Folgering HT, Breathing pattern during bronchial challenge in humans, Eur Respir J 1997 May; 10(5): p.1059-1063.
Dept of Pulmonary Diseases and Dept of Pulmonology, University Hospital Nijmegen, Dekkerswald, Groesbeek, The Netherlands.
Han et al, 1997
Han JN, Stegen K, Simkens K, Cauberghs M, Schepers R, Van den Bergh O, Clément J, Van de Woestijne KP, Unsteadiness of breathing in patients with hyperventilation syndrome and anxiety disorders, Eur Respir J 1997; 10: p. 167–176.
Laboratory of Pneumology, U.Z. Gasthuisberg, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven and Dept of Psychology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Tantucci et al, 1997
Tantucci C, Scionti L, Bottini P, Dottorini ML, Puxeddu E, Casucci G, Sorbini CA, Influence of autonomic neuropathy of different severities on the hypercapnic drive to breathing in diabetic patients, Chest. 1997 Jul; 112(1): 145-153.
Clinica di Semeiotica e Metodologia Medica, University of Ancona, Italy
Epstein et al, 1998
Epstein SK, Zilberberg MD; Facoby C, Ciubotaru RL, Kaplan LM, Response to symptom-limited exercise in patients with the hepatopulmonary syndrome, Chest 1998; 114; p. 736-741.
Department of Medicine, Tupper Research Institute, New England Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02166, USA
Bowler et al, 1998
Bowler SD, Green A, Mitchell CA, Buteyko breathing techniques in asthma: a blinded randomised controlled trial, Med J of Australia 1998; 169: p. 575-578.
Mater Adult Hospital, South Brisbane, QLD, Australia and Brompton Hospital, South Kensington, London, UK.
DeLorey et al, 1999
DeLorey DS, Babb TG, Progressive mechanical ventilatory constraints with aging, Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999 Jul; 160(1): p.169-177.
Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Presbyterian Hospital of Dallas and The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
Tantucci et al, 2001
Tantucci C, Bottini P, Fiorani C, Dottorini ML, Santeusanio F, Provinciali L, Sorbini CA, Casucci G, Cerebrovascular reactivity and hypercapnic respiratory drive in diabetic autonomic neuropathy, J Appl Physiol 2001, 90: p. 889–896.
Clinica di 1Semeiotica e Metodologia Medica and Neurologia e Neuroriabilitazione, University of Ancona, and Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Scienze Endocrino-Metaboliche, University of Perugia, Italy
Bell et al, 2005
Bell HJ, Feenstra W, Duffin J, The initial phase of exercise hyperpnoea in humans is depressed during a cognitive task, Experimental Physiology 2005 May; 90(3): p.357-365.
Department of Physiology, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Narkiewicz, 2006
Narkiewicz K, van de Borne P, Montano N, Hering D, Kara T, Somers VK, Sympathetic neural outflow and chemoreflex sensitivity are related to spontaneous breathing rate in normal men, Hypertension 2006 Jan; 47(1): p.51-55.
Department of Hypertension and Diabetology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
Ahuja et al, 2007
Ahuja D, Mateika JH, Diamond MP, Badr MS, Ventilatory sensitivity to carbon dioxide before and after episodic hypoxia in women treated with testosterone, J Appl Physiol. 2007 May; 102(5): p.1832-1838.
John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
Travers et al, 2008
Travers J, Dudgeon DJ, Amjadi K, McBride I, Dillon K, Laveneziana P, Ofir D, Webb KA, O'Donnell DE, Mechanisms of exertional dyspnea in patients with cancer, J Appl Physiol 2008 Jan; 104(1): p.57-66.
Respiratory Investigation Unit, Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada