Homepage: Norms, rates, CP and body oxygenation
Table 2. Minute ventilation (or minute breathing rates)
at rest in healthy subjects (14 studies)
| Condition | Minute ventilation |
N. of subjects |
Reference |
| Normal breathing | 6 l/min | - | Medical textbooks |
| Healthy subjects | 7.7 ± 0.3 l/min | 19 | Douglas et al, 1982 |
| Healthy males | 8.4 ± 1.3 l/min | 10 | Burki, 1984 |
| Healthy males | 6.3 l/min | 10 | Smits et al, 1987 |
| Healthy males | 6.1±1.4 l/min | 6 | Fuller et al, 1987 |
| Healthy subjects | 6.1± 0.9 l/min | 9 | Tanaka et al, 1988 |
| Healthy students | 7.0 ± 1.0 l/min | 10 | Turley et al, 1993 |
| Healthy subjects | 6.6 ± 0.6 l/min | 10 | Bengtsson et al, 1994 |
| Healthy subjects | 7.0±1.2 l/min | 12 | Sherman et al, 1996 |
| Healthy subjects | 7.0±1.2 l/min | 10 | Bell et al, 1996 |
| Healthy subjects | 6 ± 1 l/min | 7 | Parreira et al, 1997 |
| Healthy subjects | 7.0 ± 1.1 l/min | 14 | Mancini et al, 1999 |
| Healthy subjects | 6.6 ± 1.1 l/min | 40 | Pinna et al, 2006 |
| Healthy subjects | 6.7 ± 0.5 l/min | 17 | Pathak et al, 2006 |
| Healthy subjects | 6.7 ± 0.3 l/min | 14 | Gujic et al, 2007 |
References for Table 2 (in the same order)
Douglas et al, 1982
Douglas NJ, White DP, Pickett CK, Weil JV, Zwillich CW, Respiration during sleep in normal man, Thorax. 1982 Nov; 37(11): p.840-844.
Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado, USA
Burki, 1984
Burki NK, Ventilatory effects of doxapram in conscious human subjects, Chest 1984 May; 85(5): p.600-604.
Pulmonary Division, Department of Medicine, and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, UK
Smits et al, 1987
Smits P, Schouten J, Thien T, Respiratory stimulant effects of adenosine in man after caffeine and enprofylline, Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1987 Dec; 24(6): p.816-819.
Department of Internal Medicine, St Radboud Hospital, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands
Fuller et al, 1987
Fuller RW, Maxwell DL, Conradson TB, Dixon CM, Barnes PJ, Circulatory and respiratory effects of infused adenosine in conscious man, Br J Clin Pharmacol 1987 Sep; 24(3): p.306-317.
Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
Tanaka et al, 1988
Tanaka Y, Morikawa T, Honda Y, An assessment of nasal functions in control of breathing, J of Appl Physiol 1988, 65 (4); p.1520-1524.
Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Chiba University, Japan
Turley et al, 1993
Turley KR,McBride PJ, Wilmore LH, Resting metabolic rate measured after subjects spent the night at home vs at a clinic, Am J of Clin Nutr 1993, 58, p.141-144.
Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, USA.
Bengtsson et al, 1994
Bengtsson J, Bengtsson A, Stenqvist O, Bengtsson JP, Effects of hyperventilation on the inspiratory to end-tidal oxygen difference, British J of Anaesthesia 1994; 73: p. 140-144.
Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Sahlgren Hospital, University of Goteborg, S-413 45 Goteborg, Sweden.
Sherman et al, 1996
Sherman MS, Lang DM, Matityahu A, Campbell D, Theophylline improves measurements of respiratory muscle efficiency, Chest 1996 Dec; 110(6): p. 437-414.
Division of Allergy and Immunology and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Allegheny University Hospitals-Hahnemann Division, Philadelphia, USA
Bell et al, 1996 cystic
Bell SC, Saunders MJ, Elborn JS, Shale DJ, Resting energy expenditure and oxygen cost of breathing in patients with cystic fibrosis, Thorax 1996 Feb; 51(2): 126-131.
Section of Respiratory Medicine, University of Wales College of Medicine, UK
Parreira et al, 1997
Parreira VF, Delguste P, Jounieaux V, Aubert G, Dury M, Rodenstein DO, Effectiveness of controlled and spontaneous modes in nasal two-level positive pressure ventilation in awake and asleep normal subjects, Chest 1997 Nov 5; 112(5): p.1267-1277.
Pneumology Units, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
Pneumology Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sud, Amiens, France.
Mancini et al, 1999
Mancini M, Filippelli M, Seghieri G, Iandelli I, Innocenti F, Duranti R, Scano G, Respiratory Muscle Function and Hypoxic Ventilatory Control in Patients With Type I Diabetes, Chest 1999; 115; p.1553-1562.
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy and Section of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital, Pistoia, Italy.
Pinna et al, 2006
Pinna GD, Maestri R, La Rovere MT, Gobbi E, Fanfulla F, Effect of paced breathing on ventilatory and cardiovascular variability parameters during short-term investigations of autonomic function, Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2006 Jan; 290(1): p.H424-433.
Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Cardiology, and Pneumology, Salvatore Maugeri Foundation–Institute of Care and Scientific Research, Scientific Institute of Montescano, Montescano, Pavia, Italy
Pathak et al, 2006
Pathak A, Velez-Roa S, Xhaët O, Najem B, van de Borne P, Dose-dependent effect of dobutamine on chemoreflex activity in healthy volunteers, Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2006 Sep; 62(3): p.272-279.
Department of Cardiology, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
Gujic et al, 2007
Gujic M, Houssière A, Xhaët O, Argacha JF, Denewet N, Noseda A, Jespers P, Melot C, Naeije R, van de Borne P, Does endothelin play a role in chemoreception during acute hypoxia in normal men? Chest. 2007 May; 131(5): p.1467-1472.
Department of Cardiology, Erasme University Hospital, Brussels, Belgium