Breathing Rates (Minute Ventilation) in Asthma and COPD

*One row corresponds to one research paper or medical science article

Condition	Minute ventilation	Number of patients	Prevalence of CHV	References (see below) or click names for abstracts
Normal breathing	6 l/min	-	0 %	Medical textbooks
Asthma	13 (±2) l/min	16	100%	Chalupa et al, 2004
Asthma	15 l/min	8	100%	Johnson et al, 1995
Asthma	14 (±6) l/min	39	100%	Bowler et al, 1998
Asthma	13 (±4) l/min	17	100%	Kassabian et al, 1982
Asthma	12 l/min	101	100%	McFadden & Lyons, 1968
COPD	14 (±2) l/min	12	100%	Palange et al, 2001
COPD	12 (±2) l/min	10	100%	Sinderby et al, 2001
COPD	14 l/min	3	100%	Stulbarg et al, 2001

Overbreathing (or breathing more than the medical norm), due to several independent physiological mechanisms, creates constrictions of respiratory airways (CO2 is a dilator of airways or bronchi and bronchioles) problems for the lungs (destruction of lung cells), heart (reduced oxygenation and perfusion), brain (reduced oxygenation and perfusion), and many other effects for all other vital organs of the human body. Note that while these patients with asthma breathe more than the norm, their body oxygenation index is about 3 times below the norm: Breath Holding Time (Oxygenation Index - CP) in Sick People

References for the Table

Chalupa et al, 2004

Chalupa DC, Morrow PE, Oberdörster G, Utell MJ, Frampton MW, Ultrafine particle deposition in subjects with asthma, Environmental Health Perspectives 2004 Jun; 112(8): p.879-882.

Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.

Johnson et al, 1995

Johnson BD, Scanlon PD, Beck KC, Regulation of ventilatory capacity during exercise in asthmatics, J Appl Physiol. 1995 Sep; 79(3): p. 892-901.

Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA

Bowler et al, 1998

Bowler SD, Green A, Mitchell CA, Buteyko breathing techniques in asthma: a blinded randomized controlled trial, Med J of Australia 1998; 169: p. 575-578.

Mater Adult Hospital, South Brisbane, QLD, Australia.

Kassabian et al, 1982

Kassabian J, Miller KD, Lavietes MH, Respiratory center output and ventilatory timing in patients with acute airway (asthma) and alveolar (pneumonia) disease, Chest 1982 May; 81(5): p.536-543.

Pulmonary Division, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Jersey hfedical School, College Ho ital, Newark, USA

McFadden & Lyons, 1968

McFadden ER & Lyons HA, Arterial-blood gases in asthma, The New Engl J of Med 1968 May 9, 278 (19): 1027-1032.

Palange et al, 2001

Palange P, Valli G, Onorati P, Antonucci R, Paoletti P, Rosato A, Manfredi F, Serra P, Effect of heliox on lung dynamic hyperinflation, dyspnea, and exercise endurance capacity in COPD patients, J Appl Physiol. 2004 Nov; 97(5): p.1637-1642.

Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica, Servizio di Fisiopatologia Respiratoria, Università La Sapienza, v. le Università 37, 00185 Rome, Italy.

Sinderby et al, 2001

Sinderby C, Spahija J, Beck J, Kaminski D, Yan S, Comtois N, Sliwinski P, Diaphragm activation during exercise in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001 Jun; 163(7): 1637-1641.

Guy-Bernier Research Center, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Department of Medicine, and Ste Justine Research Center, Ste Justine Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

Stulbarg et al, 2001

Stulbarg MS, Winn WR, Kellett LE, Bilateral Carotid Body Resection for the Relief of Dyspnea in Severe Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Chest 1989; 95 (5): p.1123-1128.

Pulmonary Division, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; and Kaweah Delta District Hospital, Visalia, California, USA

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