Breathing Rates (Minute Ventilation) in Asthma and COPD
*One row corresponds to one research paper or medical science article
| Condition | Minute ventilation |
Number of patients |
Prevalence of CHV |
References (see below) or click names for abstracts |
| Normal breathing | 6 l/min | - | 0 % | Medical textbooks |
| Asthma | 13 (±2) l/min | 16 | 100% | Chalupa et al, 2004 |
| Asthma | 15 l/min | 8 | 100% | Johnson et al, 1995 |
| Asthma | 14 (±6) l/min | 39 | 100% | Bowler et al, 1998 |
| Asthma | 13 (±4) l/min | 17 | 100% | Kassabian et al, 1982 |
| Asthma | 12 l/min | 101 | 100% | McFadden & Lyons, 1968 |
| COPD | 14 (±2) l/min | 12 | 100% | Palange et al, 2001 |
| COPD | 12 (±2) l/min | 10 | 100% | Sinderby et al, 2001 |
| COPD | 14 l/min | 3 | 100% | Stulbarg et al, 2001 |
Overbreathing (or breathing more than the medical norm), due to several independent physiological mechanisms, creates constrictions of respiratory airways (CO2 is a dilator of airways or bronchi and bronchioles) problems for the lungs (destruction of lung cells), heart (reduced oxygenation and perfusion), brain (reduced oxygenation and perfusion), and many other effects for all other vital organs of the human body. Note that while these patients with asthma breathe more than the norm, their body oxygenation index is about 3 times below the norm: Breath Holding Time (Oxygenation Index - CP) in Sick People
References for the Table
Chalupa et al, 2004
Chalupa DC, Morrow PE, Oberdörster G, Utell MJ, Frampton MW, Ultrafine particle deposition in subjects with asthma, Environmental Health Perspectives 2004 Jun; 112(8): p.879-882.
Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
Johnson et al, 1995
Johnson BD, Scanlon PD, Beck KC, Regulation of ventilatory capacity during exercise in asthmatics, J Appl Physiol. 1995 Sep; 79(3): p. 892-901.
Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
Bowler et al, 1998
Bowler SD, Green A, Mitchell CA, Buteyko breathing techniques in asthma: a blinded randomized controlled trial, Med J of Australia 1998; 169: p. 575-578.
Mater Adult Hospital, South Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
Kassabian et al, 1982
Kassabian J, Miller KD, Lavietes MH, Respiratory center output and ventilatory timing in patients with acute airway (asthma) and alveolar (pneumonia) disease, Chest 1982 May; 81(5): p.536-543.
Pulmonary Division, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Jersey hfedical School, College Ho ital, Newark, USA
McFadden & Lyons, 1968
McFadden ER & Lyons HA, Arterial-blood gases in asthma, The New Engl J of Med 1968 May 9, 278 (19): 1027-1032.
Palange et al, 2001
Palange P, Valli G, Onorati P, Antonucci R, Paoletti P, Rosato A, Manfredi F, Serra P, Effect of heliox on lung dynamic hyperinflation, dyspnea, and exercise endurance capacity in COPD patients, J Appl Physiol. 2004 Nov; 97(5): p.1637-1642.
Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica, Servizio di Fisiopatologia Respiratoria, Università La Sapienza, v. le Università 37, 00185 Rome, Italy.
Sinderby et al, 2001
Sinderby C, Spahija J, Beck J, Kaminski D, Yan S, Comtois N, Sliwinski P, Diaphragm activation during exercise in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001 Jun; 163(7): 1637-1641.
Guy-Bernier Research Center, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Department of Medicine, and Ste Justine Research Center, Ste Justine Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Stulbarg et al, 2001
Stulbarg MS, Winn WR, Kellett LE, Bilateral Carotid Body Resection for the Relief of Dyspnea in Severe Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Chest 1989; 95 (5): p.1123-1128.
Pulmonary Division, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; and Kaweah Delta District Hospital, Visalia, California, USA
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