If CO2 concentration is low, O2 cells are stuck with red blood cells. (Scientists call this effect “increased oxygen affinity to hemoglobin”). Hence, CO2 deficiency leads to hypoxia or low oxygenation of the body cells (the suppressed Bohr effect). The more we breathe at rest, the less the oxygenation of our cells in vital organs, like brain, heart, liver, kidneys, etc.

Hemoglobin cells in normal blood are about 98% saturated with O2. When we hyperventilate this number is slightly larger, but without CO2, this oxygen is tightly bound with red blood cells and cannot get into the tissues. Hence, now we know one of the causes why heavy breathing reduces tissue oxygenation of all vital organs.

The Bohr effect is crucial for our survival. Why? During each moment of our lives, some organs and tissues work harder and produce more CO2. These additional CO2 concentrations are sensed by the hemoglobin cells and cause them to release more O2 in those places where it is most required. This is a smart self-regulating mechanism for efficient O2 transport.

For example, without the Bohr effect, you could not walk or run for even 3-5 minutes. Why? In normal conditions, due to the Bohr effect, more O2 is released in those muscles, which generate more CO2. Hence, these muscles can continue to work with the same high rate.