SIRS, Chronic Inflammation and Anti-Inflammatory CO2 Effects

Body Inflammatory Response Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (or SIRS) is an inflammatory condition (chronic inflammation) affecting the entire human body. The definition and criteria of SIRS are provided below. CO2, according to recent findings, have powerful anti-inflammatory abilities.

While SIRS is an emergency condition, there is a similar histological and physiological condition called "chronic inflammation" manifested in body's inability to eliminate inflammatory response due to some chronic disease.

Furthermore, the medical definition of the SIRS (which is based on presence of 2 criteria out of 4) is not accurate since high respiratory rates and elevated heart rates are normal for severe or last stages of cancer, HIV-AIDS, cystic fibrosis, and many other conditions, as numerous studies available on this website indicate.

Questions about the SIRS (Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome) and Chronic Inflammation

Woman with inflammatory response Why could SIRS be caused by noninfectious causes, like autoimmune disorders, adrenal insufficiency, liver cirrhosis, malignancies (cancer), myocardial infarction, chronic pancreatitis, seizures and many other conditions? Why is chronic inflammation normal for severe forms of many chronic diseases? Why do modern people suffer from chronic inflammatory disorders, while the rates of the same chronic inflammatory conditions was 10-50 times less just about a century ago?

Answers about the SIRS (Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome)

As we immediately see in this medical definition above, abnormally low arterial CO2 is a marker of chronic hyperventilation. Furthermore, while ER (emergency room) treatment measures are effective to save patients' lives, it would be sensible to apply additional therapies that can address the main criteria of the SIRS. We cannot directly control the heart rate, body temperature, or white blood cells count, but gradual normalization of breathing is a feasible additional therapy. How could ineffective breathing cause or promote the SIRS?

Doctor and his patient Thanks to recent clinical discoveries, we can now provide clear answers to these questions. Chronic hyperventilation, cell hypoxia and chronic inflammatory response co-exist in many conditions including acne, Alzheimer's disease, arthritic conditions, asthma, atherosclerosis, autoimmune diseases, chronic prostatitis, COPD, Crohn's disease, dermatitis, hepatitis, hypersensitivities and allergic reactions, inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), lupus, nephritis, osteoarthritis, Parkinson's disease, pelvic inflammatory disease, sarcoidosis, transplant rejection, and ulcerative colitis. Many other health problems (such as atherosclerosis, cancer, and ischemic heart disease) have their microbiological and immune origins in inflammatory processes.

Alveolar hypocapnia caused by hyperventilation leads to low oxygen tension in the heart, brain, kidneys, colon, liver and systemic cell hypoxia (when we breathe more, we have lower CPs and less oxygen in the body - see the Web page CO2: Cells Oxygen Supplier with numerous medical quotes and references). Cell hypoxia is a fuel for systemic inflammation and the SIRS. Medical biologists have finally been able to pinpoint some mechanisms of this relationship. Among the main driving forces of systemic inflammation, according to the most recent research (years 2010-2009), are hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (Imtiyaz & Simon, 2010; Sumbayev & Nicholas SA, 2010) and pro-inflammatory transcription factors such as nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) and activator protein (AP)-1 (Safronova & Morita, 2010; Ryan et al, 2009).

As decades of medical research suggests, while hypoxia leads to or promotes inflammation, both conditions (hypoxia and inflammation) are normal clinical findings for cardiovascular disease, sleep apnea, allergic reactions, COPD, obesity, cachexia, gastrointestinal ischemia, insulin resistance (diabetes), and many other conditions.

More about Chronic Inflammation.

Definition and criteria of SIRS

* Fever above 38°C or under 36°C
* Pulse greater than 90 beats per min
* Tachypnea (elevated respiratory frequency), with more than 20 breaths for every min; as well as, an arterial CO2 partial pressure below 4. 3 kPa (32 mmHg)
* Abnormal white blood cell count (>12,000/µL or <4,000/µL or >10% bands forms)

SIRS could be suggested as soon as two or more of those requirements can be found. (Source: Wikipedia, accessed on 18 January, 2011)

Therefore, alveolar hypocapnia (caused by hyperventilation) leads to cell hypoxia that promotes systemic and/or local chronic inflammation and the SIRS.

Reference Web Pages: Breathing norms, Medical Graphs and Tables about Breathing Rates (Minute Ventilation) and Body Oxygen in Healthy, Normal and Sick People
Breathing norms Parameters, graph, and description of the normal breathing pattern
6 breathing myths 6 myths about breathing and body oxygenation (prevalence: over 90%)
Hyperventilation Definitions of hyperventilation: their advantages and weak points
Hyperventilation Syndrome in the Sick. Table 1. Western scientific evidence about prevalence of CHV (chronic hyperventilation) in patients with various chronic conditions (34 medical studies)
Normal Minute Ventilation in Healthy Subjects: Easy and Light Breathing (14 Studies)
Hyperventilation Prevalence Present in Over 90% of Normal People (24 medical publications)
HV and hypoxia How and why deep breathing reduces oxygenation of cells and tissues of all vital organs
Body oxygen test How to measure your own breathing and body oxygenation (a simple DIY test)
Body oxygen in healthy Table 4. CP (body oxygen level) in healthy people (27 medical studies)
Body oxygen in sick Table 5. CP (body oxygen level) in sick people (14 medical studies)
Buteyko Table of Health Zones with clinical description of most common zones
Morning HV Morning hyperventilation effect or how and why critically ill people are most likely to die during early morning hours

References: CO2 Effects Web Pages
Vasodilation: CO2 expands arteries and arterioles facilitating perfusion (or blood supply) to all vital organs
The Bohr effect How and why oxygen is released by red blood cells in tissues
Cell Oxygen Levels and oxygen transport are controlled by alveolar CO2 and breathing
Oxygen Transport depends on breathing and these two effects (Vasoconstriction-Vasodilation and the Bohr effect) are parts of two diagrams that summarize influences of hypocapnia (low CO2 content in the blood and cells) on circulation and O2 delivery
Free Radical Generation takes place due to anaerobic cell respiration caused by cell hypoxia. Hence, antioxidant defenses of the human body are also regulated by CO2 and breathing
Inflammatory Response is controlled by breathing since hypoxia leads to or intensifies chronic inflammation through over-expression of the hypoxia-inducible factor 1, while normal breathing reduces these processes
Nerve stabilization takes place due to calmative or sedative effects of carbon dioxide in neurons or nerve cells
Muscle relaxation or relaxation of muscle cells is normal at high CO2, while hypocapnia causes muscular tension, poor posture and, sometimes, aggression and violence
Brochodilation - dilation of airways (bronchi and bronchioles) by carbon dioxide, and their constriction due to hypocapnia
CO2: Best Natural Cough Suppressant and "home remedy" since it calms urge-to-cough nerve receptors located in the tracheobronchial tree and larynx
Blood pH regulation and regulation of other bodily fluids
CO2: Lung Damage Healer: Elevated carbon dioxide prevents injury and promotes healing of lung tissues
CO2: Skin and Tissue Healer
Synthesis of Glutamine in the Brain, CO2 fixation, and other chemical reactions
CO2 myth "CO2 is a toxic waste gas" myth
Breathing control How is our breathing regulated? Why hypocapnia makes breathing uneven and erratic?

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